innovation and change, unavoidable necessity in today management

today, innovation and change have been recognized as a necessity in organization, especially in manufacturing organizations of industrial societies. but in most developing countries, the role and importance of this subject has not yet been fully realized. roots of change management, certain concepts and studies done in innovation and change be investigated and analyzed. schools of individual perspective, group dynamics, and open system need to be reviwed, and applied in the process of change. kurt lewin was the first who presented three –step model of change called: unfreezing, change and refreezing. in organizational studies the imphasis is on planned changes. change can be incremental or radical. but most changes are incremental. types of change are usually on technology changes, and people changes. resistance to change is also important, and knowing how to cope with various mechanisms of resistance would help to achive planned change.